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Cerne Abbas is a village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southern England.〔Grid reference: OS grid reference〕 It lies in the West Dorset administrative district in the Cerne Valley in the Dorset Downs. The village lies just east of the A352 road north of Dorchester. Dorset County Council estimate that the population of the civil parish in 2013 was 820.〔 In the 2011 census the population of the civil parish, combined with the small neighbouring parish of Up Cerne, was 784. In 2008 it was voted Britain's "Most Desirable Village" by estate agent Savills. It is notable as the location of the Cerne Abbas Giant, a chalk figure of a giant naked man on a hillside. ==History== The village of Cerne Abbas grew up around the great Benedictine abbey, Cerne Abbey, which was founded there in AD 987.〔(Cerne Historical Society )〕 The Domesday survey of 1087 recorded cultivated land for twenty ploughs, with 26 villeins and thirty two bordars. For more than 500 years, the abbey dominated the area. The abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII in 1539 with the Dissolution of the Monasteries and was largely destroyed; a portion of the Abbot's Porch and Abbey guesthouse remain. St Augustine's Well, reputedly blessed by the saint, also remains. St Mary's Church, built by the abbey for the parish in the late 13th century, is in the heart of the parish and retains many original features. In the centuries after the Dissolution, the village thrived as a small market town. Its wealth was partly generated by brewing, its underground water making it famous for the quality of its beer, which was sold as far away as London and was even exported to the Americas.〔(A village history )〕 At one time, Cerne Abbas had 14 public houses, serving visitors and a population of about 1,500.〔(1842 directory listing )〕 The availability of water power also gave rise to milling, tanning, silk weaving, glove and hat making and many other small industries. The coming of the railways in the 19th century bypassed Cerne and the village went into decline. By 1906, the population had halved and many of the houses had fallen into disrepair. In 1919, the village was sold by the Pitt-Rivers estate, which had owned it.〔(Cerne Historical Society; 1919 sale )〕 The village now has a local school, a post office, three remaining historic public houses, tearooms and a number of other shops. Pevsner says that Abbey Farm House which was rebuilt after a fire in the 1750s was formerly the main gateway to the abbey. When rebuilt, the central window of the former gateway projection was given an unusual Gothic Venetian window. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cerne Abbas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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